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FU Berlin
Digitale Dissertation
Fred R. Willitzkat :
Accumulation of organochlorines and nitro-musks in the aquatic food chain
Contamination with toxic substances in sediment and fish from Hohner See and in
otter from Schleswig- Holstein
Anreicherung von chlororganischen Verbindungen und Nitromoschusduftstoffen in
der aquatischen Nahrungskette
Abstract
Accumulation of organochlorines and nitro-musks in the aquatic food chain
Organochlorines (OC) and nitro-musks were analysed in sediment and fish
(homogenized whole-fish samples) from the lake Hohner See in central
Schleswig-Holstein and in fish otters (Lutra lutra L.), which originated from
the whole state. The fish belonged to different trophic levels: Esox lucius
(pike), Perca fluviatilis (perch), Abramis brama (bream), Gymnocephalus carnuus
(ruffe) and Scardinius erythrophthalmus (rudd).
In all analyzed samples similiar patterns of the 24 chlorinated hydrocarbons and
nitro-musks were found. The concentrations (µg/kg dry weight) in sediment were
between 0,02 (a-HCH) and 24,6 (PCB-153). The mean value of the sum of OC was 50.
The contamination with persistent OC in fish showed considerable fluctuations
with lower levels in coarse fish and higher levels in predatory fish.
Rudd and ruffe showed contamination levels (µg/kg dry weight) between 0,13 (HCB)
and 17,7 (PCB-153), pike, perch and bream from 0,08 (a-HCH) to 97,6 (PCB-153).
Fish otter (Lutra lutra L.) showed contamination levels of more than 50 mg OC/kg
lipid weight, which is considered as the marginal value for reproduction failure
in mink. The con-centrations in muscle, liver and fat were in the range between
9,5 and 100 mg/kg lipid weight (corresponding to 0,08 µg/kg dry weight [(a-HCH]
to 36.980 µg/kg dry weight [PCB-153]).
In all samples, highly chlorinated PCB-congeners (especially PCBs-153, 138, 180
and 170) were found in much higher concentrations than lower chlorinated ones.
PCB-153 could be identified as the congener with the highest level in all
matrices, followed by PCBs-138 and -180. An exception in all cases was PCB-138
in the liver of the otters, where it showed the highest concentration
detetected, pointing to organ specific accumulation.
Species-specific differences were also detected, e.g. no indication of a
contamination with b-HCH in fish nor with musk-xylol, PCB-149 and PCB-151 in
otter.
In general, between 1997 and 1999 the OC concentrations in fish from Hohner See
slightly decreased, the difference is statistically significant.
Also this study confirms that highly lipophilic xenobiotics accumulate much
higher in orga-nism at the top of the aquatic food chain (otter) than in
organism lower down the food chain (fish).
The aquatic food chain sediment : fish : otter accumulates the xenobiotics
analysed in the ratio 1 : 6 : 15 (based on dry weight), from coarse fish to
predatory fish 1 : 5; between muscle, liver and adipose tissue of the otters the
ratio was 1 : 3 : 5.
A reintroduction of otter into the biotop Hohner See is critical since actual
concentrations of xenobiotics, like PCB, still are threatening their
reproduction (JENSEN et al., 1977) and are leading to immunosuppression
(OSTERHAUS et al., 1997). A further decrease of OC and other xenobiotics is
imperative for a successful reimmigration of otter in the future.
Table of Contents
Download the whole PhDthesis as a zip-tar file or as
zip-File
Titelblatt, Innenblatt, Zeitungsartikel, Lebenslauf, Danksagung
Inhaltsverzeichnis
Einleitung
Einfuehrung in die Stoffklassen
Biologie der untersuchten Tiere
Gesetzliche Regelungen
Material und ausgewählte Methoden
1. Methodenvergleich
2. Methodenvergleich
Ergebnisse
Diskussion
Literaturverzeichnis
More Information: Online available:
http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/1999/125/indexe.html Language of PhDThesis:
german Keywords:
Nitromusks; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; residues; water pollution; contaminents;
food chains; sediment; fish; otter DNB-Sachgruppe:
34 Veterinärmedizin
Date of disputation:
28-Apr-2000 PhDThesis from:
Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin First Referee:
Priv.-Doz. Dr. Rudolf Scherkl Second Referee:
Priv.-Doz. Dr. Carsten Alsen-Hinrichs Third Referee:
Priv.-Doz. Dr. T. Bergann Contact (Advisor):
willitzkat@hotmail.com Date created:
14-Dec-2000 Date available:
25-Jan-2001
Fragen und Kommentare an:
darwin@inf.fu-berlin.de
© Freie Universität Berlin 1999
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